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ENTSO-E report says Iberian blackout was caused by multiple factors

First covered Friday, March 20, 2026Science & ClimateWell-covered

The Facts

  • ENTSO-E's final report says the April 28, 2025 Iberian blackout was caused by multiple interacting factors rather than a single cause.
  • The report identifies a voltage surge or overvoltage event as the immediate trigger of the outage.
  • The blackout affected Spain and Portugal, and a small area of southern France was also impacted.
  • ENTSO-E described the blackout as the most severe and unprecedented incident in the European electricity system in more than 20 years.
  • The report says the outage began in Spain and that Portugal was affected because of the two countries' close interconnection.
  • ENTSO-E said the report was intended to identify root causes and recommend measures to reinforce Europe's power grids and prevent similar incidents.
  • Several sources say the report does not assign blame or legal responsibility.

Context

What did ENTSO-E say caused the blackout?

ENTSO-E said the blackout resulted from a combination of technical factors that led to a voltage surge and cascading loss of power generation, rather than a single cause U.S. News & World R… SAPO SAPO.

Did the report assign blame to any country or company?

No. Multiple sources say the report was a technical analysis and was not meant to assign blame or legal responsibility, with any liability questions left to national authorities U.S. News & World R… SAPO Notícias ao Minuto.

What did the report recommend?

The report recommended strengthening grid resilience through better monitoring, coordination, operational practices, and regulatory updates to support the evolving power system SAPO SAPO Notícias ao Minuto.

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The receipts — all 80 sources

Wire services (13)

APSapo - Portugal Online!APREN e associações europeias defendem papel das renováveis ...
APSAPOAssociações europeias defendem que renováveis e armazenament...
APSAPOApagão: Associações europeias defendem que renováveis podem ...
APLaProvence.comMéga-coupure en Espagne et au Portugal : les experts pointen...
APSAPORelatório final confirma apagão ibérico como "incidente sem ...
APSAPOApagão: Peritos europeus não atribuem culpas e afastam críti...
APSAPOSistema elétrico europeu deve melhorar monitorização e coord...
APSAPOApagão ibérico de 2025 foi "o mais grave em mais de 20 anos"...
APMediapart" Un cocktail parfait " de facteurs défavorables à l'origine...
APSapo - Portugal Online!Depois do pior apagão europeu em 20 anos, Portugal tem de te...
ReutersGlobal Banking & Finance ReviewIberian Peninsula Blackout Driven by Multiple Factors, ENTSO...
APSAPOApagão: Peritos europeus recomendam reforço de regras e coor...
ReutersU.S. News & World ReportIberian Blackout Was Caused by Multiple Factors, Report Says

Independent coverage (50)

TV RECORD EUROPAApagão: ERSE avalia eventuais compensações após relatório qu...
agenceurope.euENTSO-E draws lessons from Iberian blackout to strengthen re...
Euro Weekly News SpainSpain blackout caused by "perfect storm"
Le Monde.frMéga-panne en Espagne : un " cocktail parfait " de défaillan...
Jean Marc MorandiniPanne électrique géante en Espagne et au Portugal en avril 2...
Correio da ManhaEspanha sublinha que já adotou recomendações de relatório eu...
Notícias ao MinutoApagão. Espanha já adotou recomendações de relatório europeu
Ladepeche.frMéga-panne en Espagne : un "cocktail parfait" de défaillance...
Radio IntereconomíaRenovables: su falta de control en España provocó apagón 28-...
Jornal de NegóciosERSE avalia compensações após relatório que afasta responsab...
AdnkronosSpain, experts' report: 2025 massive blackout due to combina...
El Periódico de la EnergíaPortugal afirma que sus renovables controlan el voltaje de l...
RFIApagão em Espanha e Portugal: peritos apontam sobrecarga des...
Jornal de NegóciosAssociações defendem renováveis para reforçar rede elétrica ...
Notícias ao MinutoERSE avalia eventuais "compensações" após relatório que ilib...
Executive Digest - A leitura indispensável para executivosERSE avalia eventuais compensações após relatório que iliba ...
BBCSpain and Portugal 2025 blackout caused by 'multiple factors...
rts.chLa panne géante en Espagne et au Portugal résulte d'un cockt...
The Citizen'Perfect storm' behind 2025 Iberia blackout: experts | The C...
SO KONNECT'Perfect storm' behind 2025 Iberia blackout: experts
FranceinfoLa panne géante l'électricité en Espagne et au Portugal due ...
Notícias ao MinutoRelatório revela necessidade de "reforçar" sistema elétrico ...
Financial Times NewsIberian blackout prompts calls for Europe-wide grid reforms
Executive Digest - A leitura indispensável para executivosApagão: Relatório revela necessidade de reforçar sistema elé...
enlit.worldENTSO-E releases final report into Iberian blackout
La LibertéEnergie. Panne de courant en Espagne et au Portugal: une sur...
Executive Digest - A leitura indispensável para executivosApagão: Maioria das recomendações dos peritos está implement...
RJB Radio Jura Bernois SAPanne de courant en Espagne et au Portugal: une surtension e...
RFIPanne géante d'électricité en Espagne et au Portugal: les ex...
Yahoo NewsPanne géante d'électricité en Espagne et au Portugal: les ex...
Revista SÁBADOApagão ibérico teve origem em Espanha e produziu efeito casc...
Courrier internationalMéga-coupure en Espagne et au Portugal: les experts pointent...
News 24Panne géante en Espagne et au Portugal : un " cocktail parfa...
Observador"O problema não foram as renováveis, mas o controlo da tensã...
DH.beMéga-coupure en Espagne et au Portugal: les experts pointent...
BoursoramaLa méga-panne d'électricité en Espagne et au Portugal résult...
TV5MONDEMéga-coupure en Espagne et au Portugal: les experts pointent...
TF1 INFOMéga-panne ibérique de 2025 : les experts détaillent le "coc...
24 NotíciasRelatório final confirma apagão ibérico como "incidente sem ...
Le Monde.frLa panne géante d'électricité en Espagne et au Portugal en a...
Europe 1Méga-panne électrique de 2025 sur la péninsule ibérique : un...
SudOuest.frMéga panne d'électricité en Espagne et au Portugal : l'enquê...
Euronews English'Perfect storm' behind 2025 Iberia power blackout, experts s...
lindependant.frLe plus grand black-out en Europe depuis 20 ans : on connaît...
La CroixPanne électrique géante en Espagne : un " cocktail " de fact...
RTP - Rádio Televisão PortuguesaPeritos europeus não atribuem culpas e afastam críticas às r...
Olive Press News SpainEuropean report blames 'lack of voltage control' for causing...
Executive Digest - A leitura indispensável para executivosApagão: Peritos europeus não atribuem culpas e afastam críti...
The Local SpainHow 'the perfect storm' caused Spain's blackout
Le SoirBlack-out général en Espagne : " un cocktail parfait " à l'o...

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