US PCE Inflation Held at 3.7% in July, Slightly Above Forecasts; Core at 3.3%
Business & MarketsWell-coveredThe Facts
- The Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index rose 0.2% in July from June, after a 0.1% decline in June.
- Annual PCE inflation was 3.7% in July, unchanged from June.
- Economists had forecast a 0.1% monthly rise and a 3.6% annual rate for headline PCE.
- Core PCE, which excludes food and energy prices, rose 0.2% monthly and 3.3% annually, matching forecasts.
- July marked the 65th consecutive month that annual inflation exceeded the Federal Reserve's 2% target.
- Inflation-adjusted consumer spending was flat in July, following a 0.4% increase in June.
- The Commerce Department left its estimate of annualized second-quarter GDP growth unrevised at 1.5%.
- The US dollar and Treasury yields rose after the report was released.
- Analysts disagreed on the implications, with some reading the data as supporting a September hold and others as raising the odds of a hike.
Context
What is the PCE price index and why does the Fed watch it?
PCE tracks changes in prices of goods and services bought by US households and is the gauge the Federal Reserve uses for its 2% inflation target and interest rate decisions CBS News,CNN International. The Fed considers both headline and core readings, but policymakers generally treat core inflation — which strips out volatile food and energy prices — as the better guide to longer-term trends CNBC,Hindustan Times.
Why is inflation still this far above the Fed's target?
Reuters reports PCE reached a three-year high of 4.1% in May after President Donald Trump launched air strikes alongside Israel against Iran in late February, sending energy prices up Reuters. CBS News also notes PCE has eased from a three-year peak in May but remains well above target CBS News, and Brazilian outlet Terra attributes the July pressure to tariffs and the Iran conflict Terra.
What does this mean for the Fed's next rate decision?
The Federal Open Market Committee next meets on September 16, and this was the last core PCE reading before that meeting Investing.com. Minutes from the July meeting showed "many" participants said rate hikes would "likely be necessary if inflation did not decline" Forbes. Some analysts read the data as reinforcing expectations the Fed holds rates steady in September Investing.com,MoneyControl, while others said it strengthened bets on a hike by year-end Valor Econômico,Investing.com. The federal funds rate is currently 3.50%–3.75% Terra.
Where Left and Right agree
Left and right largely agree on this one.
- What both sides accept
- Real consumer spending went flat after June's rise, and households are absorbing higher prices — a squeeze both reads treat as real rather than as evidence of price stability.
- Where Left and Right differ in emphasis
- A one-tenth overshoot with core prices on forecast, or 65 straight months in which a published 2% target went unmet.
- Watch for
- The September Fed decision, following the divided July 29 hold, will show whether policymakers treat this reading as grounds to stay steady as markets expect or to move rates.Investing.com, The Detroit News
How left and right read it
Households are already absorbing the cost: real spending went flat after rising the month before, and as CBS News put it, "The Iran war has pushed up oil and gas prices, eating into consumers' budgets and putting pressure on household spending." Yet the overshoot is a tenth of a point, with core prices landing exactly on forecast — so the burden sits with anyone urging tightening, not with holding steady.
“The Iran war has pushed up oil and gas prices, eating into consumers' budgets and putting pressure on household spending.” — CBS News
A central bank that publishes a 2% target either honors it or forfeits the price signal households and businesses plan around — yet July marked the 65th straight month above that target, with headline inflation running hotter than forecast on both the monthly and the annual reading. Fairgoers described as resilient despite rising costs are not evidence of price stability, and real spending went flat. So the burden of proof belongs to anyone urging easier policy, not to holding firm.
“Fox Business Grady Trimble reports from the Iowa State Fair where local vendors and fairgoers share how inflation impacts consumer spending. Despite rising costs, visitors remain resilient.” — Fox Business
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